diff --git a/src/xkbcomp/action.c b/src/xkbcomp/action.c
index 3c65750..f83c220 100644
--- a/src/xkbcomp/action.c
+++ b/src/xkbcomp/action.c
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ CheckModifierField(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, enum xkb_action_type action,
         }
     }
 
-    if (!ExprResolveVModMask(keymap, value, mods_rtrn))
+    if (!ExprResolveModMask(keymap, value, MOD_BOTH, mods_rtrn))
         return ReportMismatch(keymap, action,
                               ACTION_FIELD_MODIFIERS, "modifier mask");
 
diff --git a/src/xkbcomp/compat.c b/src/xkbcomp/compat.c
index 5678074..d7e24b0 100644
--- a/src/xkbcomp/compat.c
+++ b/src/xkbcomp/compat.c
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ ResolveStateAndPredicate(ExprDef *expr, enum xkb_match_operation *pred_rtrn,
         }
     }
 
-    return ExprResolveModMask(info->keymap, expr, mods_rtrn);
+    return ExprResolveModMask(info->keymap, expr, MOD_REAL, mods_rtrn);
 }
 
 /***====================================================================***/
@@ -582,7 +582,7 @@ SetInterpField(CompatInfo *info, SymInterpInfo *si, const char *field,
         if (arrayNdx)
             return ReportSINotArray(info, si, field);
 
-        if (!ExprResolveVMod(keymap, value, &ndx))
+        if (!ExprResolveMod(keymap, value, MOD_VIRT, &ndx))
             return ReportSIBadType(info, si, field, "virtual modifier");
 
         si->interp.virtual_mod = ndx;
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ SetIndicatorMapField(CompatInfo *info, LEDInfo *led,
         if (arrayNdx)
             return ReportIndicatorNotArray(info, led, field);
 
-        if (!ExprResolveVModMask(keymap, value, &led->im.mods.mods))
+        if (!ExprResolveModMask(keymap, value, MOD_BOTH, &led->im.mods.mods))
             return ReportIndicatorBadType(info, led, field, "modifier mask");
 
         led->defined |= LED_FIELD_MODS;
diff --git a/src/xkbcomp/expr.c b/src/xkbcomp/expr.c
index 7d6847f..50e4a17 100644
--- a/src/xkbcomp/expr.c
+++ b/src/xkbcomp/expr.c
@@ -81,14 +81,21 @@ SimpleLookup(struct xkb_context *ctx, const void *priv, xkb_atom_t field,
     return false;
 }
 
+/* Data passed in the *priv argument for LookupModMask. */
+typedef struct {
+    const struct xkb_keymap *keymap;
+    enum mod_type mod_type;
+} LookupModMaskPriv;
+
 static bool
-lookup_mod_mask(struct xkb_context *ctx, const void *priv, xkb_atom_t field,
-                enum expr_value_type type, enum mod_type mod_type,
-                xkb_mod_mask_t *val_rtrn)
+LookupModMask(struct xkb_context *ctx, const void *priv, xkb_atom_t field,
+              enum expr_value_type type, xkb_mod_mask_t *val_rtrn)
 {
     const char *str;
     xkb_mod_index_t ndx;
-    const struct xkb_keymap *keymap = priv;
+    const LookupModMaskPriv *arg = priv;
+    const struct xkb_keymap *keymap = arg->keymap;
+    enum mod_type mod_type = arg->mod_type;
 
     if (type != EXPR_TYPE_INT)
         return false;
@@ -113,20 +120,6 @@ lookup_mod_mask(struct xkb_context *ctx, const void *priv, xkb_atom_t field,
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool
-LookupModMask(struct xkb_context *ctx, const void *priv, xkb_atom_t field,
-              enum expr_value_type type, xkb_mod_mask_t *val_rtrn)
-{
-    return lookup_mod_mask(ctx, priv, field, type, MOD_REAL, val_rtrn);
-}
-
-static bool
-LookupVModMask(struct xkb_context *ctx, const void *priv, xkb_atom_t field,
-               enum expr_value_type type, xkb_mod_mask_t *val_rtrn)
-{
-    return lookup_mod_mask(ctx, priv, field, type, MOD_BOTH, val_rtrn);
-}
-
 bool
 ExprResolveBoolean(struct xkb_context *ctx, const ExprDef *expr,
                    bool *set_rtrn)
@@ -632,18 +625,11 @@ ExprResolveMask(struct xkb_context *ctx, const ExprDef *expr,
 
 bool
 ExprResolveModMask(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *expr,
-                   xkb_mod_mask_t *mask_rtrn)
+                   enum mod_type mod_type, xkb_mod_mask_t *mask_rtrn)
 {
+    LookupModMaskPriv priv = { .keymap = keymap, .mod_type = mod_type };
     return ExprResolveMaskLookup(keymap->ctx, expr, mask_rtrn, LookupModMask,
-                                 keymap);
-}
-
-bool
-ExprResolveVModMask(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *expr,
-                    xkb_mod_mask_t *mask_rtrn)
-{
-    return ExprResolveMaskLookup(keymap->ctx, expr, mask_rtrn, LookupVModMask,
-                                 keymap);
+                                 &priv);
 }
 
 bool
@@ -671,8 +657,8 @@ ExprResolveKeySym(struct xkb_context *ctx, const ExprDef *expr,
 }
 
 bool
-ExprResolveVMod(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *def,
-                xkb_mod_index_t *ndx_rtrn)
+ExprResolveMod(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *def,
+               enum mod_type mod_type, xkb_mod_index_t *ndx_rtrn)
 {
     xkb_mod_index_t ndx;
     xkb_atom_t name = def->value.str;
@@ -685,7 +671,7 @@ ExprResolveVMod(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *def,
         return false;
     }
 
-    ndx = ModNameToIndex(keymap, name, MOD_VIRT);
+    ndx = ModNameToIndex(keymap, name, mod_type);
     if (ndx == XKB_MOD_INVALID) {
         log_err(keymap->ctx,
                 "Cannot resolve virtual modifier: "
diff --git a/src/xkbcomp/expr.h b/src/xkbcomp/expr.h
index bab70cc..5434ad1 100644
--- a/src/xkbcomp/expr.h
+++ b/src/xkbcomp/expr.h
@@ -34,15 +34,11 @@ ExprResolveLhs(struct xkb_context *ctx, const ExprDef *expr,
 
 bool
 ExprResolveModMask(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *expr,
-                   xkb_mod_mask_t *mask_rtrn);
+                   enum mod_type mod_type, xkb_mod_mask_t *mask_rtrn);
 
 bool
-ExprResolveVModMask(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *expr,
-                    xkb_mod_mask_t *mask_rtrn);
-
-bool
-ExprResolveVMod(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *def,
-                xkb_mod_index_t *ndx_rtrn);
+ExprResolveMod(struct xkb_keymap *keymap, const ExprDef *def,
+               enum mod_type mod_type, xkb_mod_index_t *ndx_rtrn);
 
 bool
 ExprResolveBoolean(struct xkb_context *ctx, const ExprDef *expr,
diff --git a/src/xkbcomp/symbols.c b/src/xkbcomp/symbols.c
index ee4c8c1..d773660 100644
--- a/src/xkbcomp/symbols.c
+++ b/src/xkbcomp/symbols.c
@@ -883,9 +883,9 @@ SetSymbolsField(SymbolsInfo *info, KeyInfo *keyi, const char *field,
              istreq(field, "virtualmodifiers")) {
         xkb_mod_mask_t mask;
 
-        ok = ExprResolveVModMask(info->keymap, value, &mask);
+        ok = ExprResolveModMask(info->keymap, value, MOD_VIRT, &mask);
         if (ok) {
-            keyi->vmodmap = mask & (~0xff);
+            keyi->vmodmap = mask;
             keyi->defined |= KEY_FIELD_VMODMAP;
         }
         else {
diff --git a/src/xkbcomp/types.c b/src/xkbcomp/types.c
index ebfc99d..6518482 100644
--- a/src/xkbcomp/types.c
+++ b/src/xkbcomp/types.c
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ SetModifiers(KeyTypesInfo *info, KeyTypeInfo *type, ExprDef *arrayNdx,
                  "The modifiers field of a key type is not an array; "
                  "Illegal array subscript ignored\n");
 
-    if (!ExprResolveVModMask(info->keymap, value, &mods)) {
+    if (!ExprResolveModMask(info->keymap, value, MOD_BOTH, &mods)) {
         log_err(info->keymap->ctx,
                 "Key type mask field must be a modifier mask; "
                 "Key type definition ignored\n");
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ SetMapEntry(KeyTypesInfo *info, KeyTypeInfo *type, ExprDef *arrayNdx,
     if (arrayNdx == NULL)
         return ReportTypeShouldBeArray(info, type, "map entry");
 
-    if (!ExprResolveVModMask(info->keymap, arrayNdx, &entry.mods.mods))
+    if (!ExprResolveModMask(info->keymap, arrayNdx, MOD_BOTH, &entry.mods.mods))
         return ReportTypeBadType(info, type, "map entry", "modifier mask");
 
     if (entry.mods.mods & (~type->mods)) {
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ SetPreserve(KeyTypesInfo *info, KeyTypeInfo *type, ExprDef *arrayNdx,
     if (arrayNdx == NULL)
         return ReportTypeShouldBeArray(info, type, "preserve entry");
 
-    if (!ExprResolveVModMask(info->keymap, arrayNdx, &mods))
+    if (!ExprResolveModMask(info->keymap, arrayNdx, MOD_BOTH, &mods))
         return ReportTypeBadType(info, type, "preserve entry",
                                  "modifier mask");
 
@@ -553,7 +553,7 @@ SetPreserve(KeyTypesInfo *info, KeyTypeInfo *type, ExprDef *arrayNdx,
                 TypeTxt(info, type), before, after);
     }
 
-    if (!ExprResolveVModMask(info->keymap, value, &preserve_mods)) {
+    if (!ExprResolveModMask(info->keymap, value, MOD_BOTH, &preserve_mods)) {
         log_err(info->keymap->ctx,
                 "Preserve value in a key type is not a modifier mask; "
                 "Ignoring preserve[%s] in type %s\n",