SDL/include/SDL3/SDL_bits.h

/*
  Simple DirectMedia Layer
  Copyright (C) 1997-2024 Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org>

  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
  arising from the use of this software.

  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  freely, subject to the following restrictions:

  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
     appreciated but is not required.
  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
     misrepresented as being the original software.
  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
*/

/**
 *  \file SDL_bits.h
 *
 *  Functions for fiddling with bits and bitmasks.
 */

#ifndef SDL_bits_h_
#define SDL_bits_h_

#include <SDL3/SDL_stdinc.h>

#include <SDL3/SDL_begin_code.h>
/* Set up for C function definitions, even when using C++ */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

/**
 *  \file SDL_bits.h
 */

#if defined(__WATCOMC__) && defined(__386__)
extern __inline int _SDL_bsr_watcom(Uint32);
#pragma aux _SDL_bsr_watcom = \
    "bsr eax, eax" \
    parm [eax] nomemory \
    value [eax] \
    modify exact [eax] nomemory;
#endif

/**
 * Get the index of the most significant (set) bit in a 32-bit number.
 *
 * Result is undefined when called with 0. This operation can also be stated
 * as "count leading zeroes" and "log base 2".
 *
 * Note that this is a forced-inline function in a header, and not a public
 * API function available in the SDL library (which is to say, the code is
 * embedded in the calling program and the linker and dynamic loader will not
 * be able to find this function inside SDL itself).
 *
 * \param x the 32-bit value to examine
 * \returns the index of the most significant bit, or -1 if the value is 0.
 *
 * \threadsafety It is safe to call this function from any thread.
 *
 * \since This function is available since SDL 3.0.0.
 */
SDL_FORCE_INLINE int SDL_MostSignificantBitIndex32(Uint32 x)
{
#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ >= 4 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 4))
    /* Count Leading Zeroes builtin in GCC.
     * http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.3.4/gcc/Other-Builtins.html
     */
    if (x == 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    return 31 - __builtin_clz(x);
#elif defined(__WATCOMC__) && defined(__386__)
    if (x == 0) {
        return -1;
    }
    return _SDL_bsr_watcom(x);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
    unsigned long index;
    if (_BitScanReverse(&index, x)) {
        return index;
    }
    return -1;
#else
    /* Based off of Bit Twiddling Hacks by Sean Eron Anderson
     * <seander@cs.stanford.edu>, released in the public domain.
     * http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#IntegerLog
     */
    const Uint32 b[] = {0x2, 0xC, 0xF0, 0xFF00, 0xFFFF0000};
    const int    S[] = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16};

    int msbIndex = 0;
    int i;

    if (x == 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--)
    {
        if (x & b[i])
        {
            x >>= S[i];
            msbIndex |= S[i];
        }
    }

    return msbIndex;
#endif
}

/**
 * Determine if a unsigned 32-bit value has exactly one bit set.
 *
 * If there are no bits set (`x` is zero), or more than one bit set, this
 * returns SDL_FALSE. If any one bit is exclusively set, this returns
 * SDL_TRUE.
 *
 * Note that this is a forced-inline function in a header, and not a public
 * API function available in the SDL library (which is to say, the code is
 * embedded in the calling program and the linker and dynamic loader will not
 * be able to find this function inside SDL itself).
 *
 * \param x the 32-bit value to examine
 * \returns SDL_TRUE if exactly one bit is set in `x`, SDL_FALSE otherwise.
 *
 * \threadsafety It is safe to call this function from any thread.
 *
 * \since This function is available since SDL 3.0.0.
 */
SDL_FORCE_INLINE SDL_bool SDL_HasExactlyOneBitSet32(Uint32 x)
{
    if (x && !(x & (x - 1))) {
        return SDL_TRUE;
    }
    return SDL_FALSE;
}

/* Ends C function definitions when using C++ */
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#include <SDL3/SDL_close_code.h>

#endif /* SDL_bits_h_ */